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  	    <title>Biomedical and Environmental Sciences</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》2018年第9期]]></description>
    <year><![CDATA[2018]]></year>
    <volume><![CDATA[31]]></volume>
    <issue><![CDATA[9]]></issue>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>Evaluating the Nutritional Status of Oncology Patientsand Its Association with Quality of Life</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/c16ad245-b397-410d-a133-b75e2ec75723</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The primary aim of the study was to compare two nutritional status evaluation tools:the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002). Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), the second aim was to provide constructive advice regarding the quality of life of patients with malignancy.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; This study enrolled 312 oncology patients and assessed their nutritional status and quality of life using the PG-SGA, NRS-2002, and EORTC QLQ-C30.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The data indicate that 6% of the cancer patients were well nourished. The SGA-A had a higher sensitivity (93.73%) but a poorer specificity (2.30%) than the NRS-2002 (69.30% and 25.00%, respectively) after comparison with albumin. There was a low negative correlation and a high similarity between the PG-SGA and NRS-2002 for evaluating nutritional status, and there was a significant difference in the median PG-SGA scores for each of the SGA classifications (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; &amp;lt; 0.001). The SGA-C group showed the highest PG-SGA scores and lowest body mass index. The majority of the target population received 2 points for each item in our 11-item questionnaire from the EORTC QLQ-C30.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The data indicate that the PG-SGA is more useful and suitable for evaluating nutritional status than the NRS-2002. Additionally, early nutrition monitoring can prevent malnutrition and improve the quality of life of cancer patients.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>9</issue>
	      	<startPage>637</startPage>
	      	<endPage>644</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Ya Hui ZHANG, Fang Yi XIE, Ya Wen CHEN, Hai Xia WANG, Wen Xia TIAN, Wen Guang SUN, Jing WU
	      	</author>
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    	    <item>
	       	<title>Effect of Reduction in Iodine Content of Edible Salt on the Iodine Status of the Chinese Population</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/86734fc3-aac8-46d9-a99a-d5a1c7bbaa57</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the revised Chinese National Standard GB26878-2011 &apos;Iodine Content in Edible Salt&apos; on the iodine status among the Chinese population.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; In 2011 and 2014, the probability proportionate to size sampling (PPS) was used in each Chinese province to obtain the representative data. In each sampling unit, school children aged 8-10 years and pregnant women were selected. Key indicators included urinary iodine concentration (UIC), thyroid volume (TV), and the iodine content in edible household salt.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) decreased between 2011 and 2014 from 238.6 to 197.9 μg/L in school-age children. The number of provinces with iodine excess decreased to zero. The proportion of children whose UIC was &amp;gt; 300 μg/L was 18.8% and decreased to 11% compared with 29.8% in 2011. There was no significant difference in UIC &amp;lt; 50 μg/L between 2014 (4.3%) and 2011 (3.7%) (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; &amp;gt; 0.05). The MUIC among pregnant women in 2014 was more concentrated between 110 and 230 μg/L. The goiter rate among children aged 8-10 years was unchanged, both the goiter rate of 2011 and 2014 remaining below 5%, in view of the sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The National Standard GB26878-2011 &apos;Iodine Content in Edible Salt&apos; that was introduced in March 2012 resulted in an overall improvement in iodine status, reducing the risk of excessive iodine intake in the Chinese population.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>9</issue>
	      	<startPage>645</startPage>
	      	<endPage>653</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Qian HE, Xiao Hui SU, Peng LIU, Li Jun FAN, Fan Gang MENG, Li Xiang LIU, Ming LI, Shou Jun LIU
	      	</author>
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    	    <item>
	       	<title>The Bidirectional Effects of Arsenic on miRNA-21: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/d6e609cc-74f1-4148-b873-b4d4622e6fd4</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Arsenic is a metalloid environmental carcinogen involved in the occurrence and development of many cancers. miRNA-21 plays a crucial role in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which miRNA-21 influences arsenic-induced cancer.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; We used meta-analysis of published studies to determine how arsenic induces cancerous cells through miRNA-21.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Low-dose arsenic exposure (≤ 5 μmol/L) can increase miRNA-21 and phosphorylated signal transducter and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) expression, and decrease programmed cell death protein 4 (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;PDCD4&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;) and protein sprouty homolog 1 (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Spry1&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;) expression. High-dose arsenic exposure (&amp;gt; 5 μmol/L), can increase miRNA-21 expression, and decrease &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Spry1&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; and E-cadherin expression. Short-term arsenic exposure (≤ 24 h) can increase miRNA-21 and pSTAT3 expression, and decrease &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;PDCD4&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; expression. Moreover, long-term arsenic exposure (&amp;gt; 24 h) can increase the miRNA-21, STAT3, and pSTAT3 expression, and decrease &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;PDCD4&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; expression. We found that activation of miRNA-21 and pSTAT3 were most pronounced following long-term arsenic exposure at low doses, and the effects on &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;PDCD4&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; expression were most pronounced following short-term arsenic exposure at low doses. miRNA-21 inhibitors increased the expression of tumor suppressor genes &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;PDCD4&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;PTEN&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;, and &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Spry1&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; and miRNA-21-mimics suppressed the expression of these tumor suppressor genes.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Arsenic can cause cancer by activating miRNA-21 and inhibiting the expression of &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;PDCD4&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;PTEN&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;, and &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Spry1&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>9</issue>
	      	<startPage>654</startPage>
	      	<endPage>666</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Jia Qing LIU, Qing NIU, Yun Hua HU, Yu LI, Hai Xia WANG, Shang Zhi XU, Yu Song DING, Shu Gang LI, Ru Lin MA
	      	</author>
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    	    <item>
	       	<title>Fermented Barley Extracts with &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Lactobacillus plantarum&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; dy-1 Rich in Vanillic Acid Modulate GlucoseConsumption in Human HepG2 Cells</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/2ceea792-fe1a-438c-a43a-76084807b523</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; To investigate the effect of fermented barley extracts with &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Lactobacillus plantarum&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; dy-1 (LFBE) for modulating glucose consumption in HepG2 cells &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;via&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; miR-212 regulation.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were treated with palmitate. After 12 h, palmitate-induced HepG2 cells were treated with LFBE and its main components. Changes in glucose consumption, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and miRNA-212 expression in HepG2 cells was observed.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Treatment with LFBE rich in vanillic acid (VA) increased glucose consumption and reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion in HepG2 cells. LFBE and VA normalized the upregulation of miR-212, which led to the upregulation of dual-specificity phosphatase-9 (DUSP9), a direct target of miR-212, at both protein and mRNA levels. Downregulation of miR-212 markedly increased glucose consumption and reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion by enhancing DUSP9 expression.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The results showed the benefit of LFBE and miR-212 downregulation in modulating glucose consumption and reducing proinflammatory cytokine secretion by targeting DUSP9. VA in LFBE was a strong regulator of palmitate-induced abnormal glucose consumption in HepG2 cells and can be a primary mediator.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>9</issue>
	      	<startPage>667</startPage>
	      	<endPage>676</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Jia Yan ZHANG, Xiang XIAO, Ying DONG, Xing Hua ZHOU
	      	</author>
	    </item>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>Eye-movement Patterns of Chinese Children with Developmental Dyslexia during the Stroop Test</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/8fe5abbb-9436-45d0-b1b2-b2ee51f01d1c</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; To compare the eye-movement patterns of Chinese children with developmental dyslexia (DD children) with those of non-dyslexic children as they perform the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), and to explore the relationship between their eye-movement patterns and interference effect.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; An EyeLink Ⅱ was used to record the eye-movement parameters of 32 DD children and 37 non-dyslexic children as they performed the SCWT. The independent samples &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;t&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;-test and repeated measures were used to analyze behavioral and eye-movement parameters.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Compared to the control group, Chinese DD children presented lower accuracy (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;F&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=8.488), slower response time (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;F&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=25.306), and larger interference effect (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;t&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=2.29); Chinese DD children also exhibited lower frequency of fixations (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;F&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=6.069), greater numbers of saccades (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;F&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=7.914) and fixations (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;F&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=5.272), and shorter mean saccade distance (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;F&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=4.03). All behavioral and eye-movement parameters differed significantly among the three tasks in the SCWT. There was significant interaction between groups and tasks in accuracy (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;F&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=5.844), and marginally significant interaction in response time (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;F&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=3.040). Chinese DD children tended to have lower accuracy and longer response time than the control group in the &apos;color-word naming&apos; task.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Compared to non-dyslexic children, Chinese DD children are subject to a stronger interference effect. When performing the SCWT, Chinese DD children exhibit abnormal eye-movement patterns, namely shorter mean saccade distance, lower frequency of fixations, and more fixations and saccades. These abnormal eye movements may be relatively stable oculomotor patterns of DD children performing visual processing, and not influenced by impaired interference effect.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>9</issue>
	      	<startPage>677</startPage>
	      	<endPage>685</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Yu Jia WU, Wen Han YANG, Qing Xiong WANG, De Sheng YANG, Xiao Yun HU, Jin JING, Xiu Hong LI
	      	</author>
	    </item>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>Interaction between the Circadian Clock and Chronic Stress</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/618a1260-e052-4605-9de9-715d984d94cb</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>9</issue>
	      	<startPage>686</startPage>
	      	<endPage>699</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Xiao Dong KUANG, Xin Bo YU, Yuan CAO, Dong Shui LI, Hai Yan ZHU
	      	</author>
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	       	<title>Abnormal Activity of Sympathetic Nervous System in Girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Cross-sectional Study</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/776ef8f4-bbdc-46a9-9db2-c97560fe3916</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>9</issue>
	      	<startPage>700</startPage>
	      	<endPage>704</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Zong Shan HU, Zhi Hui ZHAO, Chang-Chun TSENG, Jie LI, Gene Chi-Wai MAN, Tsz-Ping LAM, Yong QIU, Chun-Yiu Jack CHENG, Ze Zhang ZHU, Zhen LIU
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	       	<title>Community Needs Assessment in Relation to Urban Heat Effects: A Study in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/54f5d78b-6de9-4966-8ddf-49066ffaeaa3</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>9</issue>
	      	<startPage>705</startPage>
	      	<endPage>711</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Ping WONG Li, Alias Haridah, Aghamohammadi Nasrin, Meriam Nik Sulaiman Nik
	      	</author>
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