<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>
<rss version="2.0">
  <channel>
  	    <title>Biomedical and Environmental Sciences</title>
    <link>/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》2018年第4期]]></description>
    <year><![CDATA[2018]]></year>
    <volume><![CDATA[31]]></volume>
    <issue><![CDATA[4]]></issue>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>Lipoprotein (a) as a Marker for Predicting the Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Untreated Chinese Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/11ca7419-4a64-4b09-9947-89b7540acb65</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been well known as the risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the role of lipoprotein (a)[Lp(a)] in the development of CAD is of great interest but still controversial. Thus, we aim to explore the effect of Lp(a) on predicting the presence and severity of CAD in Chinese untreated patients, especially in combination with LDL-C.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; We consecutively recruited 1, 980 non-treated patients undergoing coronary angiography, among which 1,162 patients were diagnosed with CAD. Gensini score (GS) was used to assess the severity of CAD. Lp(a) was measured by immunoturbidimetric method.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Patients with CAD had higher level of LDL-C and Lp(a) compared with non-CAD (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; &amp;lt; 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that Lp(a) &amp;gt; 205 mg/L (highest tertile) predicted 1.437-fold risk for CAD (95% &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;CI&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;:1.108-1.865, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=0.006) and 1.480-fold risk for high GS (95% &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;CI&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;:1.090-2.009, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=0.012) respectively. Interestingly, concomitant elevated level of Lp(a) and LDL-C conferred the highest risk for both presence[&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;OR&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=1.845, 95% &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;CI&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;:1.339-2.541, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; &amp;lt; 0.001] and severity[&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;OR&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=1.736, 95% &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;CI&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;:1.188-2.538, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=0.004] of CAD.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Lipoprotein (a) is a useful marker for predicting the presence and severity of CAD, especially combined with LDL-C.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>253</startPage>
	      	<endPage>260</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Di SUN, Xi ZHAO, Sha LI, Yan ZHANG, Na Qiong WU, Cheng Gang ZHU, Yuan Lin GUO, Ying GAO, Ping QING, Geng LIU, Qian DONG, Jian Jun LI
	      	</author>
	    </item>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>Fat-to-muscle Ratio: A New Anthropometric Indicator for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in the Han and Bouyei Populations from Guizhou Province, China</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/ca3b96cb-b186-48e0-b772-60e88a8c056d</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; To investigate the prevalence and possible factors influencing metabolic syndrome in people from Guizhou Province and to explore the predictive value of the fat-to-muscle ratio in diagnosing metabolic syndrome.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; A multistage stratified sampling method was used in this cross-sectional study of 20-80 years old Han and Bouyei populations from Guizhou Province, southwestern China, from October-December 2012. The study included 4, 553 cases of metabolic syndrome, that was defined according to 2005 International Diabetes Federation criteria. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used for determining the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive ability of the fat-to-muscle ratio for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 11.38% (men:9.76%; women:12.72%) for Han and 4.78% (men:4.43%; women:5.30%) for Bouyei populations. In Guizhou Province, the cut-off value for the men fat-to-muscle ratio was 0.34, the area under the curve was 0.95, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 and 0.85, respectively. The cut-off value for the women fat-to-muscle ratio was 0.55, the area under the curve was 0.91, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.93 and 0.79, respectively.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The fat-to-muscle ratio is highly predictive of metabolic syndrome in Guizhou Province, and a useful reference indicator.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>261</startPage>
	      	<endPage>271</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Ke XU, Hui Juan ZHU, Shi CHEN, Lu CHEN, Xin WANG, Li Yuan ZHANG, Li PAN, Li WANG, Kui FENG, Ke WANG, Fen DONG, Ding Ming WANG, Yang Wen YU, Hui PAN, Guang Liang SHAN
	      	</author>
	    </item>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>Inactivated Sendai Virus Induces ROS-dependent Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Prostate Cancer Cells</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/30cd554d-465c-4f00-8344-97339af4eb7e</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The current study aims to investigate the effect of Hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) on induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human prostate cancer PC3 cells, and the underlying mechanisms.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; PC3 cells were treated with HVJ-E at various multiplicity of infection (MOI), and the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell viability, apoptosis, and autophagy were detected, respectively. Next, the role of ROS played in the regulation of HVJ-E-induced apoptosis and autuphagy in PC3 cells were analysed. In the end, the relationship between HVJ-E-induced apoptosis and autuophagy was investigated by using rapamycin and chloroquine.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Flow cytometry assay revealed that HVJ-E treatment induced dose-dependent apoptosis and that the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were involved in HVJ-E-induced apoptosis in PC3 cells. In addition, HVJ-E was able to induce autophagy in PC3 cells &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;via&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; the class Ⅲ PI3K/beclin-1 pathway. The data also implyed that HVJ-E-triggered autophagy and apoptosis were ROS dependent. When ROS was blocked with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), HVJ-E-induced LC3-Ⅱ conversion and apoptosis were reversed. Interestingly, HVJ-E-induced apoptosis was significantly increased by an inducer of autophagy, rapamycin pretreatment, both &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;in vitro&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; and &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;in vivo&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; HVJ-E exerts anticancer effects &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;via&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>280</startPage>
	      	<endPage>289</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Miao QIAN, Hai Ming TAN, Ning YU, Tao WANG, Quan ZHANG
	      	</author>
	    </item>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>Preliminary Study on Drug Susceptibility Profile and Resistance Mechanisms to Macrolides of Clinical Isolates of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria from China</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/783d5505-f2b7-4455-888f-77ab54a42096</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Macrolide susceptibility and drug resistance mechanisms of clinical non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates were preliminarily investigated for more accurate diagnosis and treatment of the infection in China.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Four macrolides, including clarithromycin (CLAR), azithromycin (AZM), roxithromycin (ROX), and erythromycin (ERY), were used to test the drug susceptibility of 310 clinical NTM isolates from six provinces of China with the broth microdilution method. Two resistance mechanisms, 23S rRNA and erm, were analyzed with nucleotide sequence analysis.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Varied effectiveness of macrolides and species-specific resistance patterns were observed. Most &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Mycobacterium abscessus&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; subsp. &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;massiliense&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; were susceptible and all &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;M. fortuitum&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; were highly resistant to macrolides. All the drugs, except for erythromycin, exhibited excellent activities against slow-growing mycobacteria, and drug resistance rates were below 22.2%. Only four highly resistant strains harbored 2, 058/2, 059 substitutions on &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;rrl&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; and none of other mutations were related to macrolide resistance. G2191A and T2221C on &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;rrl&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; were specific for the M. abscessus complex (MABC). Seven sites, G2140A, G2210C, C2217G, T2238C, T2322C, T2404C, and A2406G, were specifically carried by &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;M. avium&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; and &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;M. intracellulare&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;. Three sites, A2192G, T2358G, and A2636G, were observed only in &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;M. fortuitum&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; and one site G2152A was specific for &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;M. gordonae&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;. The genes &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;erm&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;(39) and &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;erm&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;(41) were detected in &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;M. fortuitum&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; and &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;M. abscessus&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; and inducible resistance was observed in relevant sequevar.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The susceptibility profile of macrolides against NTM was demonstrated. The well-known macrolide resistance mechanisms, 23S rRNA and &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;erm&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;, failed to account for all resistant NTM isolates, and further studies are warranted to investigate macrolide resistance mechanisms in various NTM species.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>290</startPage>
	      	<endPage>299</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Fu LI, Gui Lian LI, Hui PANG, Hai Can LIU, Tong Yang XIAO, Shuang Jun LI, Qiao LUO, Yi JIANG, Rui Bai WANG, Kang Lin WAN
	      	</author>
	    </item>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>Combined Influence of Insulin Resistance and Inflammatory Biomarkers on Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-based Prospective Cohort Study of Inner Mongolians in China</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/e0f8a996-88ff-41ff-b74f-c7b5a4d508bc</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>300</startPage>
	      	<endPage>305</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Qiao Yan QIU, Bei Lei ZHANG, Ming Zhi ZHANG, Jia Hui WU, Jing Wen ZHOU, Zhu LIANG, Yong Hong ZHANG, Shao Yan ZHANG
	      	</author>
	    </item>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>Replication and Pathology of Duck Influenza Virus Subtype H9N2 in Chukar</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/f5bdae12-9cd4-457d-aa09-b4c68750fe85</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>306</startPage>
	      	<endPage>310</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Yin Chuan ZHU, Bin ZHANG, Zeng Hui SUN, Xi Jing WANG, Xiao Hui FAN, Ling Xi GAO, Ying LIANG, Xiao Yan CHEN, Zeng Feng ZHANG
	      	</author>
	    </item>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>The Role of Fibrocyte in the Pathogenesis of Silicosis</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/fbf2768d-28ae-4484-ae51-9fd1d92ec1a5</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>311</startPage>
	      	<endPage>316</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Juan LI, Wu YAO, Jian Yong HOU, Lin ZHANG, Lei BAO, Hui Ting CHEN, Di WANG, Zhong Zheng YUE, Yi Ping LI, Miao ZHANG, Xing Hao YU, Jian Hui ZHANG, Ya Qian QU, Chang Fu HAO
	      	</author>
	    </item>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>Acceptance of Chemo-prophylaxis for Latent Tuberculosis Infection among High School/College Student Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients in Shanghai, China</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/4e9ceba7-3484-42eb-aac7-e30ec5dba7b8</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>317</startPage>
	      	<endPage>321</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Yang LI, Yi Hui ZHENG, Li Ping LU, Mei Xia YANG, Chang Ming ZHOU, Zheng An YUAN, Yi HU, Biao XU
	      	</author>
	    </item>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>Polymorphism in rs2229783 of the Alpha 1(Ⅺ) Collagen Gene Is Associated with Susceptibility to but not Severity of Kashin-Beck Disease in a Northwest Chinese Han Population</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/3da5a39a-7559-407d-bc71-0b7374715898</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>322</startPage>
	      	<endPage>326</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Xiao Wei SHI, Feng ZHANG, Zhi Yan LI, Ai Li LYU, Xiong GUO
	      	</author>
	    </item>
      </channel>
</rss>