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  	    <title>Biomedical and Environmental Sciences</title>
    <link>/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》2018年第3期]]></description>
    <year><![CDATA[2018]]></year>
    <volume><![CDATA[31]]></volume>
    <issue><![CDATA[3]]></issue>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>miR-93-5p Transferred by Exosomes Promotes the Proliferation of Esophageal Cancer Cells &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;via&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; Intercellular Communication by Targeting PTEN</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/99a303e3-1723-437e-9d49-7730f00ea5d1</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; To investigate the relationship between plasma miR-93-5p and the risk of esophageal cancer, as well as the influence of miR-93-5p on the biological function of esophageal cancer cells, exerted through exosomes.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The expression of plasma miR-93-5p in esophageal cancer patients and healthy controls was analysed by real-time quantitative PCR. The influence of miR-93-5p on the risk and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma was analyzed by conditional logistic regression and survival analysis. The effect of miR-93-5p on the biological function of recipient cells was investigated by establishing an &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;in vitro&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; donor cell co-culture model. The target gene of miR-93-5p was validated by luciferase reporter assay and Western Blotting.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Upregulation of plasma miR-93-5p expression significantly increases the risk of esophageal cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. miR-93-5p transferred by exosomes promotes the proliferation of recipient esophageal cancer cells and affects the expression of PTEN and its downstream proteins p21 and cyclin D1.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Our study provides a reference for the identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal cancer.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>3</issue>
	      	<startPage>171</startPage>
	      	<endPage>185</endPage>
	      	<author>
				MengXin LIU, Juan LIAO, Ming XIE, ZhiKui GAO, XiangHu WANG, Ying ZHANG, MuHe SHANG, LiHong YIN, YuePu PU, Ran LIU
	      	</author>
	    </item>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>YWHAZ Binds to TRIM21 but Is Not Involved in TRIM21-stimulated Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/51276008-30e4-4aac-a129-af329a57409d</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. The role of E3 ligases in tumorigenesis is currently a focus in tumor research. In the present study, we investigated the role of the E3 ligase tripartite motif 21 (TRIM21) in osteosarcoma cell proliferation.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were used to assess osteosarcoma cell viability. U2-OS cells stably carrying a recombinant lentivirus expressing tetracycline-regulated TRIM21 were screened. Co-immunoprecipitation was coupled with LCMS/MS analysis to identify novel interacting partners of TRIM21. Co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BIFC) were performed to validate the interactions between TRIM21 and its novel partner YWHAZ. A TRIM21-ΔRING construct was generated to test the effects of TRIM21 ligase activity on YWHAZ.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; TRIM21 positively regulated osteosarcoma cell proliferation. Overexpression of TRIM21 enhanced osteosarcoma cell tolerance toward various stresses. YWHAZ protein was identified as a novel interacting partner of TRIM21 and its expression levels were negatively regulated by TRIM21. The RING domain of TRIM21 was required for TRIM21 negative regulation of YWHAZ expression. However, overexpression of YWHAZ did not affect positive regulation of osteosarcoma cell proliferation by TRIM21.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Our results further clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>3</issue>
	      	<startPage>186</startPage>
	      	<endPage>196</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Qing Zhong ZENG, Wan Ting LIU, Jun Lei LU, Xiao Hui LIU, Yun Fang ZHANG, Lang Xia LIU, Xue Juan GAO
	      	</author>
	    </item>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Silica Nanoparticles and Silica Microparticles in Rats</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/45a37dc4-1337-46db-a201-53939828e7e8</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; To investigate the subchronic oral toxicity of silica nanoparticles (NPs) and silica microparticles (MPs) in rats and to compare the difference in toxicity between two particle sizes.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups:the control group; the silica NPs low-, middle-, and high-dose groups; and the silica MPs low-, middle-, and high-dose groups[166.7, 500, and 1, 500 mg/(kg·bw·day)]. All rats were gavaged daily for 90 days, and deionized water was administered to the control group. Clinical observations were made daily, and body weights and food consumption were determined weekly. Blood samples were collected on day 91 for measurement of hematology and clinical biochemistry. Animals were euthanized for necropsy, and selected organs were weighed and fixed for histological examination. The tissue distribution of silicon in the blood, liver, kidneys, and testis were determined.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; There were no toxicologically significant changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, necropsy findings, and organ weights. Differences between the silica groups and the control group in some hematological and clinical biochemical values and histopathological findings were not considered treatment related. The tissue distribution of silicon was comparable across all groups.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Our study demonstrated that neither silica NPs nor silica MPs induced toxicological effects after subchronic oral exposure in rats.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>3</issue>
	      	<startPage>197</startPage>
	      	<endPage>207</endPage>
	      	<author>
				ChunLai LIANG, Qian XIANG, Wen Ming CUI, Jin FANG, Na Na SUN, Xiao Peng ZHANG, Yong Ning LI, Hui YANG, Zhou YU, Xu Dong JIA
	      	</author>
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    	    <item>
	       	<title>TaqMan Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Detecting and Differentiating Japanese Encephalitis Virus</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/4a3dd68f-f72c-427a-a8e5-9c9ebd484f1a</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; To detect Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) rapidly and distinguish its genotypes, a TaqMan-based reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection system was developed.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; By aligning the full-length sequences of JEV (G1-G5), six sets of highly specific TaqMan real-time RT-PCR primers and probes were designed based on the highly conserved NS1, NS2, and M genes of JEV, which included one set for non-specific JEV detection and five sets for the detection of specific JEV genotypes. Twenty batches of mosquito samples were used to evaluate our quantitative PCR assay.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; With the specific assay, no other flavivirus were detected. The lower limits of detection of the system were 1 pfu/mL for JEV titers and 100 RNA copies/μL. The coefficients of variation of this real-time RT-PCR were all &amp;lt; 2.8%. The amplification efficiency of this method was between 90% and 103%.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt; &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; A TaqMan real-time RT-PCR detection system was successfully established to detect and differentiate all five JEV genotypes.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>3</issue>
	      	<startPage>208</startPage>
	      	<endPage>214</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Nan SHAO, Fan LI, Kai NIE, Shi Hong FU, Wei Jia ZHANG, Ying HE, Wen Wen LEI, Qian Ying WANG, Guo Dong LIANG, Yu Xi CAO, Huan Yu WANG
	      	</author>
	    </item>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>Therapeutic Potential of Anti-HIV RNA-loaded Exosomes</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/0db0c9df-71db-4001-8cc5-501fb6837963</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>3</issue>
	      	<startPage>215</startPage>
	      	<endPage>226</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Yong QIU, Jing MA, Yi ZENG
	      	</author>
	    </item>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>The Relationship between Japanese Encephalitis and Environmental Factors in China Explored Using National Surveillance Data</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/7d69f940-74e6-45d0-824d-2bee06fdf1ce</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious public health issue. This study was undertaken to better understand the relationship between JE distribution and environmental factors in China. JE data from 2005 to 2010 were retrieved from National Notifiable Disease Report System. ArcGIS, remote sensing techniques, and &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;R&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; software was used to exhibit and explore the relationship between JE distribution and environmental factors. Our results indicated that JE cases were mostly concentrated in warm-temperate, semitropical and tropical zones with annual precipitation &amp;gt; 400 mm; Broad-leaved evergreen forest, shrubs, paddy field, irrigated land, dryland, evergreen coniferous forest, and shrubland were risk factors for JE occurrence, and the former five were risk factors for counties with high JE incidence. These findings will inform the effective allocation of limited health resources such as intensive vaccination, surveillance and training in areas with high environmental risk factors.]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>3</issue>
	      	<startPage>227</startPage>
	      	<endPage>232</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Xiao Xia HUANG, Lei YAN, Xiao Yan GAO, Yu Huan REN, Shi Hong FU, Yu Xi CAO, Ying HE, Wen Wen LEI, Guo Dong LIANG, Shi Wen WANG, Huan Yu WANG
	      	</author>
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    	    <item>
	       	<title>A Cross-sectional Survey Assessing Carriage of &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; in a Healthy Population in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/29f7c0da-c0e5-461a-9e72-8e0f10f4c3ba</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[The carriage rate and serotype distribution of &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;S. pneumoniae&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;) in a healthy population in China remains unclear. In this study, we collected the oropharyngeal swabs from 513 individuals in Xinjiang, China. Real-time PCR targeting the &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;lytA&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; gene and 12 serotypes were assessed to identify &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;S. pneumoniae&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; carriage. The total carriage rate of &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;S. pneumoniae&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; was 70.4% (361/513). The most prevalent serotypes were 19B/F, 18B/C, 5, and 6A/B. The highest carriage rate of &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;S. pneumoniae&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; was noted in children aged 6-10 years (88.6%), which merits further attention. The co-colonization rate of two or more &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;S. pneumoniae&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; serotypes was 79.8% (264/331). This study aimed to investigate the baseline pneumococcal carriage rate among healthy individuals in China to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;S. pneumoniae&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;.]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>3</issue>
	      	<startPage>233</startPage>
	      	<endPage>237</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Na XIE, Zhao Yun CHEN, Tao CHEN, Bing Qing ZHU, Li XU, Yuan GAO, Ai Yu ZHANG, Pan ZHAO, Ji Wen LIU, Zhu Jun SHAO
	      	</author>
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	       	<title>The Taxonomic Status of &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Spermophilus&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; in the Plague Area of Dingbian County, Shaanxi Province, China</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/e9b59af1-86f1-4efa-95da-ad32047971f7</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[This study was conducted to define the taxonomic status of &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Spermophilus&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; in the plague area of Dingbian County in Shaanxi Province, China, through the two-factor variance analysis of morphological characteristics, DNA barcoding, and chromosome karyotype analysis. The &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Spermophilus&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; samples collected from Dingbian and Zhengxiang Baiqi Counties exhibited significant differences in their morphological measurements. All &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Spermophilus&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; samples form two distinct branches in neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. One branch included the &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Spermophilus&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; samples collected from Inner Mongolia, and the other branch included samples collected from the plague foci of Shaanxi Province and the Ningxia Region. The &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Spermophilus&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; samples collected from Dingbian County had a chromosome number of 2&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;n&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 38 in 84.40% of all their cells. The &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Spermophilus&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; species collected from the plague area of Dingbian County was categorized as &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;Spermophilus alashanicus&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;S.alashamicus&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;). The findings reported in this study are epidemiologically significant for monitoring plague in this region of west-central China.]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>3</issue>
	      	<startPage>238</startPage>
	      	<endPage>241</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Cui Hong AN, Bao Bao CHEN, Suo Ping FAN, Yang Xin SUN, Wen LYU, Jian Jun SHE
	      	</author>
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	       	<title>Case Control Study of Impulsivity, Aggression, Pesticide Exposure and Suicide Attempts Using Pesticides among Farmers</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/326e13f0-65f9-486b-9fab-aa43d974ef60</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[A case-control study was conducted to investigate associations between organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure, aggression, impulsivity, and attempted suicide. Questionnaires were used to collect information; impulsivity and aggression were measured by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) and the Aggression Inventory (AI). A greater number of OP symptoms was associated with an increased odds of a suicide attempt after adjusting for marital status and income (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;OR&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 1.45; &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;CI&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; 1.14-1.86). Attempted suicide was significantly associated with high impulsivity scores (means: 72.4 &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;vs&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;. 60.6, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; &amp;lt; 0.0001) and high aggression scores (means: 38.5 &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;vs&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;. 26.1, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; &amp;lt; 0.0001). Suicide attempters had a higher number of OP exposure symptoms than controls and scored higher on scales of impulsivity and aggression.]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>3</issue>
	      	<startPage>242</startPage>
	      	<endPage>246</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Chun Ping LYU, Jian Ru PEI, L. Cheryl BESELER, Yu Ling LI, Jian Hui LI, Ming REN, Lorann STALLONES, Shu Ping REN
	      	</author>
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    	    <item>
	       	<title>Inhibition of Erythroid Differentiation of Human Leukemia K562 Cells by N-acetylcysteine and Ascorbic Acid through Downregulation of ROS</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/1147fb0d-87aa-4a5e-a83f-84570e2bd63f</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[This study investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ascorbic acid (AA) on hemin-induced K562 cell erythroid differentiation and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process. Hemin increased ROS levels in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas NAC and AA had opposite effects. Both NAC and AA eliminated transient increased ROS levels after hemin treatment, inhibited hemin-induced hemoglobin synthesis, and decreased mRNA expression levels of β-globin, γ-globin, and GATA-1 genes significantly. Pretreatment with 5, 000 μmol/L AA for 2 h resulted in a considerably lower inhibition ratio of hemoglobin synthesis than that when pretreated for 24 h, whereas the ROS levels were the lowest when treated with 5, 000 μmol/L AA for 2 h. These results show that NAC and AA might inhibit hemin-induced K562 cell erythroid differentiation by downregulating ROS levels.]]></description>
	      	<volume>31</volume>
	      	<issue>3</issue>
	      	<startPage>247</startPage>
	      	<endPage>251</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Chun Hong YU, Liang JIANG, Ying WANG, Ning Xuan CUI, Xiao ZHAO, Zong Chun YI
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