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  	    <title>Biomedical and Environmental Sciences</title>
    <link>/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》2017年第4期]]></description>
    <year><![CDATA[2017]]></year>
    <volume><![CDATA[30]]></volume>
    <issue><![CDATA[4]]></issue>
    	    <item>
	       	<title>Impact of Smoking Status on Lipoprotein Subfractions: Data from an Untreated Chinese Cohort</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/9d9f9745-13ed-4ba7-a05f-9f3565f18aff</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Cigarette smoking is one of the established risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, however, its impact on lipids is not completely understood, especially in the Chinese population. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact of smoking status (non, former, and current smoking) on the distribution of lipoprotein subfractions in untreated patients with angina-like chest pain.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; A total of 877 patients were consecutively enrolled and divided into nonsmoking (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;n&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 518), former smoking (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;n&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 103), and current smoking (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;n&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 256) groups. Both low-and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C) subfractions were measured using the Quantimetrix Lipoprint System. The distributions of lipoprotein subfractions were evaluated among the groups.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Compared with nonsmoking subjects, the current smoking group had significantly lower large/medium HDL-C (both &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; &amp;lt; 0.001) concentration and large HDL subfraction percentage but higher small HDL-C and medium LDL-C concentrations as well as medium LDL subfraction percentage. Importantly, former smoking subjects showed elevated levels of large HDL-C concentration, large HDL particle percentage, and mean LDL particle size and attenuation in small HDL/LDL percentages and small LDL-C concentration, but these levels did not reach the optimal status compared with those of the non-smoking group (data not shown).&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Smoking has an adverse impact on the lipoprotein subfractions, presented as lower large HDL particles besides higher small HDL and medium LDL particles, whereas smoking cessation could reverse these change to a certain degree.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>30</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>235</startPage>
	      	<endPage>243</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Xi ZHAO, HuiWen ZHANG, Yan ZHANG, Sha LI, Rui Xia XU, Jing SUN, ChengGang ZHU, NaQiong WU, Ying GAO, YuanLin GUO, Geng LIU, Qian DONG, JianJun LI
	      	</author>
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    	    <item>
	       	<title>Prediction of 10-year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Adults Aged 40-79 Years in China: a Nationally Representative Survey</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/1ae07757-c73f-4793-a916-509ba02c76fb</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; To establish the distribution of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk among Chinese adults.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; We estimated the 10-year ASCVD risk by applying the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association pooled cohort equations (PCEs) to the data obtained from the 2010 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance that involved 61, 541 participants (representing 520, 158, 652 Chinese adults) aged 40-79 years. We also compared the ASCVD risk with the 10-year ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) risk, which was calculated using the simplified scoring tables recommended by the Chinese Guidelines for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (Chinese model).&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Based on the PCEs, the average 10-year ASCVD risk among adults without self-reported stroke or myocardial infraction was 12.5%. Approximately 247 million (47.4%) and 107 million (20.6%) adults had ≥ 7.5% and &amp;gt; 20% 10-year ASCVD risks, respectively. The 10-year ASCVD risk &amp;gt; 20% was higher among men, less educated individuals, smokers, drinkers, and physically inactive individuals than among their counterparts. Overall, 29.0% of adults categorized using the Chinese model were overclassified with the PCEs.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Our results define the distribution of 10-year ASCVD risk among Chinese adults. The 10-year ASCVD risk predicted by the PCEs was higher than the ICVD risk predicted by the Chinese model.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>30</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>244</startPage>
	      	<endPage>254</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Mei ZHANG, Yong JIANG, LiMin WANG, YiChong LI, ZhengJing HUANG, JianHong LI, MaiGeng ZHOU, WenHua ZHAO
	      	</author>
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    	    <item>
	       	<title>Validation of the Simplified Chinese-character Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form in Urban Community-dwelling Adults: a Cross-sectional Study in Hangzhou, China</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/fd2fb3da-2bf6-4aae-a06b-fa99f707e793</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; To assess the test-retest reliability and criterion validity of the Simplified Chinese-character version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long form (IPAQ-L) in urban community-dwelling adults in Hanghzou, China.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; A total of 158 eligible participants aged 25-59 years from 6 neighbourhoods in two central districts of Hangzhou completed the IPAQ-L questionnaire twice within a 7-day interval. Half of the subjects wore pedometers during the first 7 days. Test-retest reliability was examined by comparing the first (Day 1) and the second (Day 9) survey of IPAQ-L. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing IPAQ-L with pedometer data.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Modest to good test-retest reliability was found with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.67 for total PA, 0.37 to 0.73 for specific dimensions, and 0.56 to 0.71 for different intensities of PA. Total PA measured by IPAQ-L was moderately correlated with exercise levels (partial &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;r&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 0.27, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 0.020) and walking distance (partial &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;r&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 0.31, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 0.007), which were measured by a pedometer, after adjusting for gender, age, educational attainment and employment status.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Our results indicate that the IPAQ-L is a reliable and validated measure for assessing physical activity levels in this population and possibly the adult population in other mainland Chinese cities.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>30</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>255</startPage>
	      	<endPage>263</endPage>
	      	<author>
				YanJun REN, Meng SU, QingMin LIU, YaYun TAN, YuKun DU, LiMing LI, Jun LYU
	      	</author>
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    	    <item>
	       	<title>Pulmonary Toxicity in Rats Caused by Exposure to Intratracheal Instillation of SiO&amp;lt;sub&amp;lt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;lt;  Nanoparticles</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/f925c7f2-cf66-4022-9a72-416a23d3f1d5</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The effect of the silica nanoparticles (SNs) on lungs injury in rats was investigated to evaluate the toxicity and possible mechanisms for SNs.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; Male Wistar rats were instilled intratracheally with 1 mL of saline containing 6.25, 12.5, and 25.0 mg of SNs or 25.0 mg of microscale SiO&amp;lt;sub&amp;lt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;lt;  particles suspensions for 30 d, were then sacrificed. Histopathological and ultrastructural change in lungs, and chemical components in the urine excretions were investigated by light microscope, TEM and EDS. MDA, NO and hydroxyproline (Hyp) in lung homogenates were quantified by spectrophotometry. Contents of TNF-&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;α&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;, TGF-&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;β&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;1, IL-1&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;β&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;, and MMP-2 in lung tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry staining.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; There is massive excretion of Si substance in urine. The SNs lead pulmonary lesions of rise in lung/body coefficients, lung inflammation, damaged alveoli, granuloma nodules formation, and collagen metabolized perturbation, and lung tissue damage is milder than those of microscale SiO&amp;lt;sub&amp;lt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;lt;  particles. The SNs also cause increase lipid peroxidation and high expression of cytokines.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The SNs result into pulmonary fibrosis by means of increase lipid peroxidation and high expression of cytokines. Milder effect of the SNs on pulmonary fibrosis comparing to microscale SiO&amp;lt;sub&amp;lt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;lt;  particles is contributed to its elimination from urine due to their ultrafine particle size.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>30</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>264</startPage>
	      	<endPage>279</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Hong YANG, QiuYun WU, MingYue LI, CanShan LAO, YingJian ZHANG
	      	</author>
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    	    <item>
	       	<title>The Association between the C5263T Mutation in the Mitochondrial &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;ND2&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; Gene and Coronary Heart Disease among Young Chinese Han People</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/d0d75ae5-7b65-4120-a563-f2ec9223a21d</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; This study aimed to investigate the genetic background of mitochondrial genes in young patients with Coronary heart disease (CHD) to provide a foundation for the early prevention of young patients with CHD.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; 115 cases of young (≤ 45 years) CHD Chinese Han patients (case group), 100 cases of older ( &amp;gt; 45 years) Chinese Han CHD patients (experimental group) hospitalized and 100 cases of healthy people through physical examination (control group) at the General Hospital of PLA between January 2014 and December 2015 were selected. General information, clinical assessment, pedigree analysis, and mitochondrial full sequence scanning were performed.The pedigrees of one patient harbouring the C5263T mutation were recruited. Mitochondrial functional analysis including cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were performed on pedigrees with the C5263T mutation (mutation group) and without the mutation (non-mutation group).&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The differences in biochemical tests (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; &amp;lt; 0.05) between the case group and experimental group were not significant. The C5263T single-nucleotide mutation of the mitochondrial &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;ND2&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; gene was observed in 2 young CHD patients in the case group. The premature CHD of these 2 patients followed a pattern of maternal inheritance. The mutation group (Ⅰ1, Ⅱ2) had higher ROS levels (4750.82 ± 1045.55 &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;vs.&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; 3888.58 ± 487.60, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 0.022) and lower MMP levels (&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 0.045) than the non-mutation group (Ⅱ1, Ⅲ1, Ⅲ2).&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; We speculated that the mitochondrial C5263T mutation might be associated with the occurrence CHD in Chinese Han young people.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>30</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>280</startPage>
	      	<endPage>287</endPage>
	      	<author>
				GuoXin HAN, Lei XIA, ShuoShuo LI, QinHua JIN, Yang SONG, Hong SHEN, LiLi WANG, LingJie KONG, TanShi LI, HaiYan ZHU
	      	</author>
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	       	<title>Association between the &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;SUMO4&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; M55V Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-analysis</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/a9cbbeb9-c73d-4ae6-a4a3-0ce34dcbde9b</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Objective&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The aim of this study is to determine whether the &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;SUMO4&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; M55V polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Methods&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; A meta-analysis was performed to detect the potential association of the &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;SUMO4&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; M55V polymorphism and susceptibility to T2DM under dominant, recessive, co-dominant (homogeneous and heterogeneous), and additive models.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Results&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; A total of eight articles including 10 case-control studies, with a total of 2932 cases and 2679 controls, were included in this meta-analysis. The significant association between the &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;SUMO4&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; M55V polymorphism and susceptibility to T2DM was observed in the dominant model (GG + GA versus AA: &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;OR&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 1.21, 95% &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;CI&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 1.05-1.40, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;= 0.009), recessive model (GG versus GA + AA: &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;OR&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 1.29, 95% &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;CI&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 1.07-1.356, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;= 0.010), homozygous model (GG versus AA: &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;OR&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 1.41, 95% &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;CI&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 1.06-1.56, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;= 0.001), and additive model (G versus A: &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;OR&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 1.18, 95% &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;CI&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 1.08-1.29, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;=0.001), and marginally significant in the heterozygous model (GA versus AA: &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;OR&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 1.16, 95% &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;CI&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; = 0.98-1.36, &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;P&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt;= 0.080). In subgroup analyses, significant associations were observed in the Chinese population under four genetic models excluding the heterozygous model, whereas no statistically significant associations were observed in the Japanese population under each of the five genetic models.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;&amp;lt;sec&amp;lt;		 &amp;lt;b&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/b&amp;lt; The meta-analysis demonstrated that the G allele of the &amp;lt;i&amp;lt;SUMO4&amp;lt;/i&amp;lt; M55V polymorphism could be a susceptible risk locus to T2DM, mainly in the Chinese population, while the association in other ethnic population needs to be further validated in studies with relatively large samples.&amp;lt;/sec&amp;lt;]]></description>
	      	<volume>30</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>288</startPage>
	      	<endPage>295</endPage>
	      	<author>
				Qun ZHANG, Di LIU, ZhongYao ZHAO, Qi SUN, LiXiang DING, YouXin WANG
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	       	<title>Hexabromocyclododecane-induced Genotoxicity in Cultured Human Breast Cells through DNA Damage</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/f35de3a3-a8bb-4d07-b42e-948f6b625cde</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	      	<volume>30</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>296</startPage>
	      	<endPage>300</endPage>
	      	<author>
				RuiJing LI, Hui GAO, GuangShui NA, ZiHao LU, Yao YAO, Fan YANG
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	       	<title>Differential Proteomics Reveals the Potential Injury Mechanism Induced by Heavy Ion Radiation in Mice Ovaries</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/7ffeab3e-8142-4fad-971f-c4e87c1894aa</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	      	<volume>30</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>301</startPage>
	      	<endPage>307</endPage>
	      	<author>
				YuXuan HE, Hong ZHANG, HongYan LI, Yong ZHANG, QiPeng JIA, ZongShuai LI, XingXu ZHAO
	      	</author>
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    	    <item>
	       	<title>Quercetin Attenuates Benzo (α) pyrene-induced CYP1A Expression</title>
	      	<link>//article/id/b0e8c8b1-2fe7-4924-b7e9-0a9109672f43</link>
	     	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	      	<volume>30</volume>
	      	<issue>4</issue>
	      	<startPage>308</startPage>
	      	<endPage>313</endPage>
	      	<author>
				ML Perepechaeva, TA Seredina, YA Sidorova, EN Pivovarova, AL Markel, VV Lyakhovich, AY Grishanova
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